Методы анализа и оценки устного дискурса людей с речевыми нарушениями тема диссертации и автореферата по ВАК РФ 00.00.00, кандидат наук Худякова Мария Викторовна

• Худякова Мария Викторовна
• кандидат наук
• 2023

Оглавление диссертации кандидат наук Худякова Мария Викторовна

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Development and standardization of Discourse Comprehension and Discourse Production subtests of the Russian Aphasia Test

3. Linguistic mechanisms of discourse coherence in aphasia

4. Discourse Diversity Database

4.1 Discourse Diversity Database (3D) for clinical linguistics research

4.2 Effect of speaker's fatigue on speech parameters

5. Conclusion

6. References

Appendix A. Paper " The Russian Aphasia Test: The first comprehensive, quantitative, standardized, and computerized aphasia language battery in Russian"

Appendix B. Paper "Linguistic mechanisms of coherence in aphasic and non-aphasic discourse "

Appendix C. Paper "Diiscourse Diversity Database (3D) for Clinical Linguistics Research: Design, Development, and Analysis"

Appendix D. Paper " Effect of Speaker's Fatigue on Features of Spoken Discourse "

Введение диссертации (часть автореферата) на тему «Методы анализа и оценки устного дискурса людей с речевыми нарушениями»

1. Introduction

The dissertation includes articles on the development and use of various methods of discourse assessment in clinical and research practice. One of the articles describes the development and standardization process of the Discourse Comprehension and Discourse Production subtests of the Russian Aphasia Test - a standardized language assessment tool for clinical practice. In the second article, a new scale for assessment of four aspects of discourse coherence is introduced, and the contribution of micro- and macrolinguistic parameters into coherence is investigated. The third article describes the rationale behind the data collection protocol of the Discourse Diversity Database (3D) corpus, and the clinical and normative sections of the corpus The fourth article focuses on effects of fatigue on spoken discourse features.

In clinical linguistics, analysis of spoken discourse is considered an essential part of language assessment among populations with brain damage in language dominant hemispheres, since it allows us to evaluate language on both micro- (phonetic, lexical, syntactic) and macrolinguistic (discourse and pragmatics) levels (Bryant et al., 2017; Prins & Bastiaanse, 2004). Also, understanding coherent speech and telling stories or giving instructions are a fundamental part of human communication (Mar, 2004; Schank, 1995). That is why discourse comprehension and production subtests are included in many language assessment batteries (e.g. CAT, Swinburn, Porter, Howard, 2004; BDAE, Goodglass, Kaplan, Barresi, 2001; QAB, Wilson et al., 2018).

Development of discourse production and comprehension subtests can be challenging for several reasons. First, comprehension of a coherent text involves not only phonological, lexical-semantic, and syntactic processing, but also requires constructing inferences and understanding the connections between discourse elements, and creates a load on working memory (for a review see Carpenter et al., 1995; Linda E Nicholas & Brookshire, 1995). That is why the text length, and the number of questions should be limited, while allowing for the task to discriminate between different levels of severity. For creation of a discourse production assessment task, it is important to choose the evaluation method (annotation scheme or a rating scale) that would be low time-consuming on the one hand, while remaining objective and yielding high test-retest and inter-rater reliability. The first chapter of the thesis describes the Discourse Comprehension and Discourse Production subtests of the Russian Aphasia Test (RAT), as well as its psychometric properties.

Rating scales are a common method for evaluation of spoken discourse, especially its macrolinguistic properties, both in clinical practice and fundamental research. However, we still

lack understanding of the connection between assessment and interpretation of discourse as a whole by the reader or listener, and the quantitative characteristics of speech on micro- and macro-linguistic levels (e.g. number of errors, lexical diversity, etc.). Chapter 2 describes the study on the connection of different aspects of discourse coherence measured with a newly developed rating scale and a set of linguistic features extracted from annotated narratives by people with aphasia and neurologically healthy individuals (NHI).

For multidimensional analysis of spoken discourse by people with language impairments, annotated corpora are a valuable and important instrument. Corpus analysis allows to investigate different sources of variability in speech features in various clinical populations and healthy speakers. In clinical corpus linguistics, the standards for the collection and analysis of speech samples are established and many corpora of speech by people with various neurological and psychiatric disorders exist, for example, the most well-known corpora from the TalkBank collection (https://talkbank.org, (MacWhinney, 2007), the Cambridge Cookie-Theft Corpus [Williams et al, 2010], the Greek Corpus of Aphasic Discourse (Varlokosta, 2016) etc. However, there is a lack of large clinical corpora for Russian language. In Chapter 3, we describe the newly developed Discourse Diversity Database (3D), the rationale behind the data collection procedure and the different sub-sections of the corpus. Also, we present the study of effects of fatigue on speech features based on the analysis of one of the 3D sub-sections.

The aim of the thesis is to describe a set of new methods for assessing discourse comprehension and production abilities for clinical and research purposes. The studies collected in the current thesis describe a range of instruments that can be applied to speech by people with language impairments in order to provide evaluation of discourse abilities as a whole or focus on specific features of speech. The lack of modern standardized and normed methods for discourse assessment, as well as large clinical corpora, especially for Russian, determines the relevance of the study. The object of the study are discourse production and comprehension abilities of people with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. The subject of the study is the assessment of discourse production and comprehension with newly developed rating scales and the analysis of micro- and macrolinguistic parameters of speech in various clinical populations. Research novelty:

• RAT is the first standardized comprehensive test in Russian with subtests for assessment of discourse comprehension and discourse production, developed based on the psycholinguistic parameters.

• The new rating scale allowed to analyze the concept of discourse coherence and its connection with the micro- and macrolinguistic parameters of discourse, and to address

the contradictory findings on discourse coherence in aphasia in the literature.

5

• Discourse Diversity Database (3D) is the first large corpus in Russian containing discourse samples by different discourse types by people with various neurological and psychiatric disorders, and healthy speakers in different functional states.

The theoretical significance of the study:

• We found that all aspects of coherence are significantly lower in film retellings by people with aphasia, and that different sets of micro- and macrolinguistic parameters extracted from the discourse samples contribute to the coherence ratings in different aspects.

• We found that temporal characteristics of speech are affected by the level of the speaker's fatigue.

The practical significance of the study:

• Discourse Comprehension and Discourse Production subtests of RAT were created and standardized.

• Rating scales for the aspects of discourse coherence were created.

• The annotated 3D corpus was developed with protocols for data collection in different clinical and healthy populations.

The main results of the study and provisions for the defense:

1) Discourse Comprehension and Discourse Production subtests of RAT were created according to modern psycholinguistic theory and standardized a PWA group and a control group. The results of the study showed that this instrument meets psychometric standards and makes it possible to distinguish between people with and without aphasia.

2) A new rating scale for four aspects of discourse coherence revealed lower coherence scores in the PWA group. Different sets of micro- and macrolinguistic properties contribute to each of the coherence aspects.

3) The Discourse Diversity Database (3D) is a corpus of speech samples by people with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. For elicitation of three discourse types, three types of tasks were selected. The annotation scheme allows to extract micro- and macrolinguistic parameters.

4) The results of the pilot study revealed the variability of phonetic and temporal characteristics of speech in different functional states and depending on the discourse type.

Заключение диссертации по теме «Другие cпециальности», Худякова Мария Викторовна

Заключение

Настоящая работа — пилотное исследование влияния усталости говорящего на различные характеристики дискурса. При выборе оцениваемых параметров речи мы руководствовались необходимостью отобрать показатели речи на разных языковых уронннх (фонетика, лексика, синтаксис), а также распространенностью оценок атих параметров для оценки речи в клинической практике и афазиологии. Результаты пилотного исследования позволили определить направление для дальнейших исследований, а именно — анализ фонетических и темповых характеристик речи в Зависимости от жанра и усталости говорящею. Также в дальнейшем необходимо не только увеличить выборку неврологически здоровых взрослых рассказчиков, но и провести подобное исследование в клинических популяциях. Результаты исследования В дальнейшем мО|"ут быт ь применены не только в клинической лингвистике, но и в других областях, где производится оценка речи (например, обучение иностранным языкам, чтению или ораторскому мастерству).

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Effect of Speaker's Fatigue on Features of Spoken Discourse

Mariya V. Khudyakova

HSE University, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. In dinical linguistics, spoken discourse analysis is a crucial pari of diagnostics as well as fundamental research of Speech produced by people with various language impairments. The most common leatures lor assessment are speech ilucncy, speech faiiures, errors, and syntactic complexity measures. However, several studies have shown thai some of these parameters can be affected by fatigue or physical stress. Our study on narrative and procedural spoken discourse by healthy speakers with different levels of fatigue has shown a significant effect of fatigue level on speech tempo, and the ehcitatloa task significantly affected multiple characteristics of spoken discourse.

Correspondence: Mariya V. Khndyakova, manva.khi^; anuiii.cuni. 101000 Moscow, 3 Krivokolenny 111., КЗ-ЗОЯ. Keywords: spoken discourse, fatigue level, speech rate, procedural discourse, narratives

Copyright © 2020. Mariya V. Khudyakova. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of (he (..rcalne t щппцща ДИйкцкикШ . ■ i1 : , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author is credited and that the originaE publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

Acknowledgements The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No. 18-312-00157. Received July 12, 2020, acCepLed September 29. 2020.

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